Findings suggest that viral reactivation may trigger or sustain autoimmune responses in MS.
Co-infection of HHV-6A and EBV results in a 6.7 fold increased risk of developing multiple sclerosis
The increased risk occurred only in adults who were infected with EBV after their teenage years, and had elevated EBNA-1 antibodies.
MS drug teriflunomide dramatically reduces antibody titers to EBV and HHV-6
Study results are consistent with a pathogenetic role for viruses in relapsing-remitting MS.
New Evidence that HHV-6A, like EBV, May Trigger Some Cases of Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Sera drawn before vs. after onset of MS find seropositivity for HHV-6A more likely in MS.
Meta-Analysis links EBV, HHV-6 and VZV to multiple sclerosis
Study pools data from nearly 30,000 people with MS.
HHV-6 DNA load in whole blood and elevated EBNA antibodies predict progression in first clinical episodes of demyelination in multiple sclerosis
Patients with viral loads suggestive of iciHHV-6 had the greatest risk of developing demyelinating disease.
Differences in the cytopathic effect of HHV-6A and HHV-6B infection of neurons and glia
In vitro studies confirm that the two viruses infect different cell types, and generate different cytopathic effects, cytokine and growth factor responses.
HHV-6A promotes inflammation in astrocytoma cells by dysregulating autophagy
Infection increases ROS, induces ER stress and activates STAT3, NF-κB and mTOR pathways.
New seroepidemiological evidence that HHV-6 contributes to MS disease progression
Longitudinal study of people with a single initial episode of demyelination provides stronger evidence for HHV-6 than EBV in the pathogenesis of MS, but the evidence is not robust.
A relationship between human endogenous retroviruses and HHV-6A/B in multiple sclerosis patients
Significant positive correlations were found between HERV family proteins and antibodies to HHV-6A/B but not antibodies to EBV
CMV infection may diminish the risk of developing MS
Studies conducted on serum obtained before development of MS indicate possible protective role
Detection of HHV-6 miRNA in Multiple Sclerosis patients
HHV-6 miRNAs and antibodies were identified and significantly correlated with each other in serum and CSF of MS patients
Metagenomic and reverse transcriptase methodologies employed to detect herpesvirus DNA in spinal fluid of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients
Study provides little evidence for or against a possible role for HHV-6 or EBV in the pathogenesis of MS
Neonatal murine roseolovirus infection induces autoimmunity
Early infection interferes with normal thymocyte development and disrupts central tolerance resulting in autoimmune disease later in life. Only infection during this critical time period resulted in autoimmunity.
Large serologic study incriminates both EBV and HHV-6A as triggers of multiple sclerosis
HHV-6A infection at any age, and EBV infection after age 20, were found to be significant risk factors